In Polish: Rata malejąca
This is the word you will see in bank documents.
Definition
Decreasing instalments (rata malejąca) are a repayment method in which the capital part of each instalment is fixed and the interest falls, because it is calculated on an ever smaller balance. The whole instalment therefore falls month by month. The first instalments are higher than with equal instalments, but the total cost of the loan is lower.
What it means for you
Decreasing instalments save interest, but the bank calculates creditworthiness from the first, highest instalment, so it will lend you less. For a loan at the limit of creditworthiness they may not be an option at all. When rates rise they do not protect the instalment, because the whole rate increase goes into the interest part.
Full entry in Polish, with a worked example and sources Work out your instalment
Frequently asked questions
Which pays off more: equal or decreasing instalments?
Over the whole term, decreasing instalments are cheaper. For PLN 500,000 over 30 years at 6%, interest is about PLN 451,000 versus about PLN 579,000 with equal instalments. Equal instalments are lower at the start and give higher creditworthiness.
Why do decreasing instalments lower creditworthiness?
Because the bank checks whether you can afford the first, highest instalment, calculated with a buffer for rising rates. With the same income you may be able to borrow over 20% less.
Does every bank offer decreasing instalments?
Not with every product. Some banks do not offer decreasing instalments on some loans, so ask before applying.
Related terms
Definitions are simplified and reflect Polish law and bank practice as of October 2026. Where every word matters, the Act and your loan agreement decide. Figures in examples are indicative and are not a bank offer. The Polish version of each entry has worked examples and sources.
Other terms in “Repayment, overpayment and changes”